We’re back with that quadrennial feature — delegate math.  As we were reminded by the 2016 election, the United States uses an indirect system for electing president.  Under this system, it’s not the total popular vote that counts.  It’s how that popular vote translates into electoral votes.  Likewise, for the nomination, the task is to turn popular votes into delegates.  Back in 2008, the difference between Secretary Clinton and President Obama was the Obama’s campaign success at figuring out where they could gain an extra delegate here and there.

In a short period of time, voting will start with the Iowa caucuses.  While the number of caucuses have dwindled to almost nothing (Iowa, Nevada, and Wyoming being the only real caucus states left), a caucus is different from a normal primary.  In a caucus, rather than showing up, casting a ballot, and then leaving, voters actually have to take part in a meeting in which voting takes place in the middle of the meeting.  The other key feature of a caucus is that voting is public, not secret.  The participants literally go to different parts of the meeting facility depending upon which candidate they are supporting.  Your friends and neighbors get to see who is heading to the Biden corner/room and who is heading to the Gabbard corner/room.    In addition, for the purpose of any later “recount,” participants sign a pledge of support form for their candidate.

For all the states and territories, the first key number is 15%.  Whether in the precinct caucus itself or at the congressional district level or at the state level, a candidate needs to get 15% of the vote to win delegates.  (Some smaller precincts have higher thresholds because they are only selecting two or three delegates, but 15% is still a good general rule of thumb in looking at polling numbers.)  What makes a caucus different than most primaries is that there will be a chance after the initial division of the precinct into the separate candidate areas for voters to realign. Continue Reading...